الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1
Part (A) Soild Phase ExtractionTccbniyucOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
It is aimed in the first part of thos Ph.D . Thesis to Synthesize and Characterize new selective solid phase extractors.
The results obtained regarding the combination of these two techniques (SPE) and (ISE) for separation and determination of metal ions in this Ph.D:
1-some of the organic complexing agents may have dual function where , they able to bind to solid support to form selective solid phase extractors and act as selective ionophores in ISE.
2-Although parts of this work have been published separately , it is aimed in the near future to combine the two techniques in one article.
The determination of trace or ultratace amounts of metal ions especially in natural water matrices ,biological, pharmaceutical and environmental samples as well, requires two basic steps. The first steps is selective separation of the target metal ion to avoid matrix interference where, many components of these complex samples are expected to be co-extracted in absence of this step and consequently additional clean up is usually needed before determination or any chromatographic analysis is mad. The second argument is an efficient preconcentraion step to meet the detection limit required for the determination mode. Solid phase extraction (SPE) technique fulfills these two requirements: it has become known in the last few years as a powerful tool for separation and enrichment of various inorganic and organic analytes.