الفهرس 
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Abstract
The inequality in the health and wellbeing of women in the developing and the developed world is a growing concern. Millions of women in developing countries suffer from lack of adequate care during pregnancy. Inadequate access and under-utilization of modern healthcare services are major reasons for poor health in the developing countries.The aim of the present work was to improve maternal and child health through increasing utilization of a ANC , by identifying the determinants of its utilization in Shebeen Elkom District ,determining its coverage for females and assessing disparities of its utilization in Shebeen Elkom District.To achieve such aim a cross-sectional study was conducted in southern family health center in Shebeen Elkom city representing the urban area, and family health unit in Kafr Tanbedy village representing the rural area.The study population was sampled from married women (19- 49) years old attending for 1st dose of BCG vaccine of their newly born infants during the period from first of January 2010 to the end of
December 2010. The participants in the study were subjected to a predesigned questionnaire.The study revealed that the coverage of antenatal care in the studied population was 78 %; (86.5% from urban population and 57.1% from the rural population).The determinants of utilization of ANC were identified as women’s occupation and education, partner’s education and occupation, place of residence, parity and socioeconomic status.The study showed that the working women utilized ANC 2.7 times as non working ones. Also the women in their first pregnancy utilized ANC more 95.5% than subsequent pregnancies .Highly educated women utilized ANC more 42.7% than lower educated females.