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Abstract
Jatropha curcas contains high amount of oil in its seed and has been
considered as a source for bio-diesel production .Recently, the high yield of seed from tree (5 tones/ha/year) and high oil content of its seeds(66.4%) attracted global attention for its use as bio-fuel.In vivo and In vitro propagation of Jatropha curcas from seeds (sowed and
not sowed) and axillary buds cuttings was established using different types of soils.clay + sand mixture gave the highest percentage germination (87%),the best shoot
length (9.6 cm), the best number of roots (5) , root length ( 5 cm) and survival rate in field (95). and the second germination rate the sand soil give germination (80 and 85%) with sowed and not sowed respectively.IBA was better than NAA in formation of shoot number, shoot length, root number, root length and survival rates in field. IBA at two concentrations (2000 and 3000 ppm) gave highest shoot number (2), shoot length (16.0 and 17.5 cm), root
number (4 and 5) and root length (12.0 and 12.3 cm).
In vitro propagation by apical buds cleared the effect of Kin 3 mg/l and BA+
Kin (1:1 mg/l) gave 60% shooting from apical buds. BA+ Kin (3+3 mg/l) gave 40%
shooting from axillary buds nodal segments.Calli derived shoots were strongly affected by the residual effect of growth regulators levels. Callus derived from third leaf (from the apex of two year old plant) showed the highest shoot number and percentage of shoot formations (90%) when cultured on MS solid medium containing 0.1 mg/L of BA. The produced callus on 0.1 mg/L BA plus 100 mg/L IBA was differentiated when transferred into MS medium contained 0.1 mg/L of BA.Leaves and petiole of Jatropha curcas L family Ephorbaceae were used as a
source of explants to start callus initiation. Leaves and petiole were successfully sterilized using the treatment of sodium hypochlorite (NaoCl) at 2.0% that showed the highest percentage of survival (100%) without any contamination. Techniques for the
induction of callus from petiole and leaf explants of Jatropha curcas L. were
developed Callus induction from petiole and leaf explants was evaluated on a range of BA and NAA concentrations. Both explants were capable of forming 100% callus in different levels. Callus formation and growth were significantly affected by source of explants and growth regulators. The highest amount of callus was induced from leaf
segments on MS solid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of BA plus 0.5 mg/L of NAA.Preliminary comparitive phytochemical screening was performed between root, stem, leaf and seed samples of cultivated Jatropha curcas L. and samples of callus derived from leaves and petiole to be compared with that of the origin plant. It was clear that the highest value of total glycosides was detected in leaf callus (0.12%) while total alkaloids was found in stem 0.81%.Leaf of wild plant was superior in total terpenoids (14.0%).It was evident that petiole derived callus contained the same amount of protein as plant seeds.