الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
A study of some Production and Marketing Activities of Milk in Assiut Governorat, Egypt
Summary and recommendations
Interest in the animal production sector is attributed to its being the only source of animal protein, necessary for human food; and benig considered a complementary part of the agricultural cycle, by converting non-edible resources into animal products valid for our food and garments, solid waste to give the soil its fertility back. Also, its products represent the raw materials for many food industries and other industries which are imortant in our national economic structure.
This study aims to highlight some production an marketing activities for milk products in Assiut Governorate, so as to become acquanted with the following:
1- The stature of dairy production sector on the local and national scales.
2- The factors that influence dairy products consumption, and the role of local production in facing it.
3- Determining the available forages for dairy animals on the local and national scales.
4- Knowing and analysing the poduction and marketing marks of dairy products in Assiut Governorate form the study sample; drawing the most important prblems which face producers, with suggested solutions.
The study was reviewed in six chapters. The first chapter represents the introduction and the referential review of the previous studies.
The second chapter dealt with the stature and development of dairy products sector; the determinants of its production capacity in Egypt. It came in three sections. The results of these sections indicated that the average dairy production value during the study period ( 1985- 2004), reached about 3867.10 million L.E representing about 19.78%, 7.92%, 1.5%, of the average values of animal production, agricultural production, and national production respectively. It was increased by an annual rate of 10.91%, skipping its peers on the national, agricultural and animal levels.
The third chapter is concerned with studying the consumption of milk and its products in Egypt. Results indicate that the annual average available for local consumption during the study period ( 1985 – 2004) reached 3744 thousand tons. The mean individual’s share reached about 64.88 kg, with an average annual increment in the individual’s share -of his total consumption of dairy products – estimated by 1.01 kg; as a result of increasing his local products consumption by 1.45 kg, decreasing his consumption of imported products by 0.44 kg annually. The annual gap was estimated by 648.15 thousand tons, thus determining a degree of self- sufficiency of about 82.7% .
The fourth chapter studied forage resources and production capacities of dairy products in Assiut Governorate. It came in two sections, of which the results refer to an increase in the area planted with permanent clover and maize, in Assiut Governorate, estimated by 1313.28, 442.57 feddans annually, respectively during the study period; a decrease in the area planted with clover estimated by about 837.07 feddans annually; and the produced amount of manufactured forages by 4881.69 ton annually during the period ( 1994- 2004).
The fifth chapter is concerned with studying the aspects of dairy production activities from the data of the research sample in Assiut Governorate. There was a substantial difference in the importance of dairy animals among the sample society villages. Cows prevailed in some, as is the case with Alzawya village in Assiut county, Abukoriem in Dairout county, Alzarabi in Abuteg county. Buffalo prevailed in some others, as is the case with Alwasta and Banimorr in Elfath county, and Mankbad village in Assiut county. whereas the other villages have a balanced position in the importance of cows and buffalo in them, as is the case in Dwena village in Abuteg county, Masara village in Dairout county. The highest possession capacity of cows in the sample society was in Alzawya village in Assiut county. For buffalo, it was in Banimorr in Elfath county. For both, it was in Dwena village in Abuteg county.
As for the variety of dairy animals held by producers; results showed that about 60% of the sample holders raise one kind of dairy animals, of which buffalo is the most predominant. whereas the remaining percentage raise two or more kinds. Local cows and buffalos are the most spread. Holders in Abukoriem village are the most specialized in raising local cows. Holders in Dwena village in Abuteg are the most specialized in raising half-bred cows. Holders in Alzawya village are the most specialized in raising Frisian cows. Holders in Mankbad village are the most specialized in raising buffalos.
The sixth chapter deals with the main features of the marketing activity of dairy products in the sample’s villages and counties in the same governorate. Results indicate that the marketing surplus of cows milk is estimated by 385.04 kg, which stands for about 18.39% of the total production of this kind. The local consumer takes directly an amount estimated by 86.69 kg, which equals 22.52%. Peddlers take an amount of 284.67 kg, which amounts for 73.93%. Shops in villages take an amount of 13.68 kg, about 3.55% of the total marketed milk. The marketing surplus of Cow’s butter oil was estimated by 68.15 pounds, equaling 70.48 of the total production of Cow’s butter oil. The local consumer takes in directly 24.10 pounds, an amount equaling 35.36. The local retailer has an amount of 11.4 pounds, equaling 16.73. For both the village’s market and the county’s market take 7.6, and 25.05 pounds equaling 11.15, and 36.76% respectively of the total marketed amount of butter oil.
Cow’s cheese surplus was estimated by 1107 pieces, equaling about 77.36% of the total bovine cheese produced, directed to the local consumer, the local retailer, the village’s market, and the county’s market as 394, 199, 148, and 366 pieces equaling 35.59%, 17.98%, 13.37%, and 33.06% respectively of the total marketed amount of cheese.
On the other hand, the marketing surplus of buffalo’s milk was estimated by 190.88 kg, equaling 15.01% of the total production. The local consumer has 48.91 kg, equaling 25.62%; the peddler takes 133.81 kg, equaling 70.1%, the shops in village take 8.16 kg, equaling 4.28% of the total milk marketed. The marketing surplus of buffalo’s butter oil was estimated by 53.91 pounds, equaling 53.68% of the total buffalo’s butter oil. The local consumer takes directly an amount of 20.34 pounds, equaling 37.73%; the local retailer; the village’s market; and the county’s market take amounts of 10.85, 8.12, 14.6 pounds; equaling 20.13%, 15.06%, and 27.08% respectively, of the total amount marketed of butter oil. The marketing surplus of buffalo’s cheese is estimated by 705 pieces equaling 59.8% of the total production. The local consumer, the local retailer, the village’s market, and the county’s market take 316, 130, 102, and 157 pieces, equaling 44.82%, 18.44%, 14.47%, and 22.27% of the total marketed amount of buffalo’s cheese.
In light of the above, the study recommends the following:
First : in dairy production field
1- Trying to increase the numbers of dairy high producing animals, which suit the local production conditions.
2- Increasing concern about producing sheep and goat milk, so as to play a more vital role in dairy production, especially where they are convenient to raise.
3- The need for advanced milking methods for animals, especially in big farms and projects.
4- Caring for small female animals, and not slaughtering them in an early age to increase the numbers of milkers.
5- Increasing the area of green forages, especially in summer, and assigning a percentage of the cultivated area in new lands, inside every governorate, to plant forages.
6- Increasing the number of working forages plants, and operating the non-working ones, on both the local and the national levels.
7- Encouraging breeders to develop this field, by providing forages and production requirements in good prices.
8- Establishing veterinary units in every village to improve veterinary care, and providing veterinary medicines and required vaccines in time, with good prices.
9- Establishing state projects focused on providing breeders with their needs of animals in production age, with good prices.
Second : in dairy marketing field
1- Making a mechanism to match dairy prices with production costs, giving producers a good return.
2- Trying to establish milk assembly centers, and sales distribution centers, inside every village.
3- Providing refrigeration, storing, and preserving devices with good prices.
4- The necessity of devising transportation means equipped for milks, and providing them with good prices, in order to stop the increasing loss percentage during marketing, especially in summer time.
5- Developing dairy manufacturing means in villages and governorates, and providing them with good prices.
6- Providing the convenient packing means for dairy products, so as to suit their moving stages in the marketing channels, and reduce exposing them to spoilage.
7- The necessity of providing sufficient and accurate marketing data on animal products in general, and dairy products in particular.