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Abstract
The leaf-miner is considered one of the serious pests affecting most of the different agricultural crops in Egypt. Therefore, field studies were conducted at a farm not treated with pesticides at Agricultural Research Centre, Sids of Beni Suef, during three consecutive seasons on three crops (apple trees, faba bean, and maize). The objective of the study to find information on the prevalence of different types of leaf-miners on the above-mentioned plants and the impact of daily temperatures, relative humidity, and the parasitoids that affected them. The environmental study has been done for the leaf-miner of apple trees in the period from the beginning of January 2003 until mid-December 2005 and leaf-miner of faba bean in the period of December 8 until April 23 during the seasons 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 and 2004/2005, and leaf-miner of maize in the period from mid-June until 23 October during the seasons 2002, 2003 and 2004 to estimate the rate of infection and its relation with environmental conditions in addition to its interaction with parasitoids.
The obtained data showed that, the apple leaf-miner had 4-5 generations per year, while faba bean and maize leaf-miners had 2-3 generations per the season.
The highest infestation of apple leaf-miner was 34 Immature stage/100 leaves in early September 2004, while faba bean leaf-miner was 1420 larvae / 100 leaves at the beginning of April 2003, and maize leaf-miner 297 larvae / 100 leaves in August 23, 2002. There were significant effects of the daily temperatures and relative humidity on the population density of these leaf-miners.
The highest percentage of parasitism of apple leaf-miner was 50% twice during the third year 2005, faba bean leaf-miner was 66% in the second season 2003/2004, while the maize leaf-miner was 99% twice during the first season 2002 and the third season 2004.Twenty two species of parasites on apple, bean and maize leaf miners under study, order Hymenoptera belonging to the four types of families. Two parasitoids from the listed parasitoid (Opius sp. & Pnigalio sp.) recorded on P. spicata for the first time in the world. More over, two species (Pediobius acantha & Halticoptera patellana) recorded on L. trifolii for the first time in Egypt.