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Abstract \ .~ -- .r..:.v.--=-------S--11•.:/11;ARY I Two field experiment s were carried out at the Research and Experiment al Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Science at ~shtohor, Zagazig University, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, in 1979 and 1980 seasons, to investigate the effect of plant density and phosphoruB fertilizer on th~ yield, yield components and seed content of ”oybean. Soyr.ean variety nCalland” an early maturing, variety, was used in this mrk. A split plot design with 4 replications was used. The main plots were occupied by population density and the Bub-plot I!I ”/fere devot ed to the phosphorus fertilizer rates. The sub-plot area was 10.5 m~ (3 x 3.5 m) l/400/fad. which contained five ridges. Eaeh. experiment included ,)) treatments which were tne oombination ot tv«) distances between hills, three numbers of plants per hill and five rates of phosphorus fertilizer. 1- Populations densities were:- D:z.: Whioh was 35,000 plants/fad .• (2:> em spaoing distance and one plant/t:1i.l.l). - 132 • 2- DZ : Which was 70.000 pI ant s/f ad. (3) em spacing distance and tv~ pl ant sl hill) • J- D) •• Which was 70,000 plant slf ad. (10 em spacing, distance and one pl~t/hill) • 4- D4 •• Whicn waS 105,000 plants/fad. (20 cmspacing distance and three pI ant s/ nill ) • 5- ~: Which was 140 ,000 plants/fad. (10 em spacing distano e end two pI ant s/ hill) • 6- D6 •• Which was 210,000 plants/fad. (10 em spacing distance and three plant s/hill). Phosphorus fertilizer treatments were, zero, 10, 3J, ”:1Jand 40 kg P205/fad• The type 01’ soil ’flas clay loam, tile pH value was a and it a organic matt e1’ content was 1.5S and the a,vai- Iable P waS t.\) ppm. Charac~ ers at udied: 1- Growth characters: The following date. were recorded at 45 and 90 daYs from ~wing: 1- Plant height in CIIl. 2- NlDber ot branches, leaTes and pods/plant. )- Dry weight of branchelJ, leaves, pods and total dry we1ghtlp1ant. ott- 13~- 4- Total dry weight/m2 (at 90 days from planting). 5- Leaf area/plant and Leaf area index (LAr). 6- Total chlorophyll and caroteno1ds. II- Flowering and maturity dates. 111- ~t harvest, the following dat a were recorded: 1- Plant height in em. 2- NUlilbcr of branches/plant. 3- Stem dinmeter in rom. 4- Uumber of pods/plant. 5- Number of seeds/pod. 6- Humber of seeds/pI ant. 7- Weight of pods/pla,..’tlt in gm, 8- Weight of seeds/pod in gm, 9- Weight of 100 seeds in am, 10- Weight of seeds/plant in gill. 11- Seed/straw ratio. 12- Seed yield kg/f ad. 13- Straw yield kgjfad. 14- ~rotein yield kg/fad. 15- Oil yield kg/fad. IV- Ohemical content: 1- N1.:trogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the different parts of plant (i.e. leaves, ------,.----- ----------------- - 134 - stems and pods at 45 and 90 days from planting as well as seed oontent from these element s at harvest. 2- Crude protein percentage and oil percentage. The following are the mogt important results: I- -E-~ff-e-c-t---o..f.-..population density: •....•.----.-.--~--~--_.--...-. 1- At 45 days from planting, plant height and leaf area index were significantly increased by increa-’ sing population density in both seasons. Tue number of branches and leaves/plant, dry weight of leaves/ plant, total dry weight and leaf area per plant were significantly decreased by increasing plant density in 1979 season. The effect of population densi ty on dry weight of branchea per pI ant was 00-:; significant in the t seasons. 2- At 90 days from plant -,ng , the increase in populat ion density up to 210,000 plants/fad. resulted in decreasing significantly he number and dry weigbt ot branches, leaves a.nd ds and, total dry weight/ plant and leaf area p r plant in both seasons. On the other hand, the w8ight/m~ and lea! sing population increased by increay in both seasons, whereas the area index were sig --_._-_ .. . _._---------- - 135 - plant height ShOW0d the same trend in 1980 season only. 3- Population density had no significant effect on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b. chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids at early stages of growth (45 days from planting) in both seasons. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids content in leaveD were significantly decrea~ed by increasing plant density up to 210.,000 plants/fad. at 90 days fl~m planting in 1979 season. 4- Neither flow~ring nor maturity were significantly affected by population density in both seasons. 5- At harvesting time, the plant height was significantly increased, while stem diameter and number of branches were significantly decreased by increasing plant density in both seasons. 6- Yield components, namely, number of pods and seeds/ plant, number of seeds/pod and the weight of pods and seeds per plant were significantly decreased by increasing population density in both seasons. Popula-’~ion density did not affect seed weight/pod, lOO-seed weigb.t and seed! straw ratio in t he two seasons. - ~ - - - ------------~---------- - 136 - 7- Seed yield per fad. of soyboan was significantly incX’e E’sed by increasing population density in both seasons. The plant density of 140 ,000 plantsifad. achieved the highest seed yield, i.e., 1167 and 1610 kg/fad., in 1979 and 1980. respectively. 8- Straw yield per fad. significantly increased due to plE~t density, whereas the highest average was obtained at 140,000 and 210,000 plants/fad. treatments in 1979 and 1980, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest straw yield was obtained at t~’l6 lowest density (35,000 plants/fad.). 9- The plant density of 140,000 plants/tad. achieved the highest protein yield, i.c., 361 and 536 kg/ fad. in 1979 and 1980 seasons, respectively. On the contrary, the lowest plw1t density (35,000 plants/fad.) produced the lowest protein yield in both seasons. 10- Increaeing plant density sigluficantly increased oil yield in both seasons. .A. density of 140,000 plant slf ad. gave the higtlest oil yields whioh were 296 and ))7 kg/fad. in 1979 and 1980 t respectively. 11- The different population densities exhibited no pronounced affect on the conc(jutration of II and K --- -~_.~--_. - 137 - in leaves and stems at 45 daYs from planting, whereas, F concentration significantly decreased by Lncreaed.ng population densitJi·. The absolute amomrt of the three elements in leaves and stems was increased by decreasing plant density. 12- At 90 days from planting, If.PK content in leaves, stems and pods were not affected by increasing population density. On the other hand, the absolute aar~ountof tile three elements in the different parts of soybean plants decreased by increasing plant density. in both seasons. 13- Plant density had no significant effect on N, P and K percentage in soybean seeds at harvest, while the aJDOtu1t of N, P and K as lLg/pl8J.it ’Was clearly decreased by increasing plant deuBity. 14- Crude protein percentage was Generally decreased and 011 percentage was increased by increasing population density, but these effects did not reach the level of significance. 11- .Effect 01’ phosphatic fertilizer: ------------ ..--- •••.•• p 1 - ,Addingphosphatic fertilizers from.10 to 40 kg P~5/fad. did not ~xert s1gnif~cant effect on plant height, n\.lllber of brancL.cs, and 1 eaTes .’ ~------_._-_. __._. - 138 - plant, dry weight of branches, leaves and tot al dry weight/plant, leaf area per plant and lest area index at 45 day e from sowin[’” in both. seasons. 2 - At 90 days from sowing, application of phosphatic fertilization at all levels showed not significant effect on growth characters studi0d in both seasons except that of LAl which. was SiCllifioe,.”’ltly increased in 1979 S’18S0U. <I, _ J - Adding phospha.tic fertilizer had no significant effect on chlorophyll at chlorophyll b and their total content either at early or at later growth stages in both seasons. j,lso I ca,rotenoids content in soybea.n loaves Vias significantly aff ectad at 90 days r rou, planting in 1979 neascn , The highest caro t enoLda corrt errt was obtained when P Vias applied at the rate of )J kg P20S/fad. 4 - Neither flowering nor maturit;y were significantly affected by P fertilizer levels in both saasons. 5-- At harvest Lng time, phosphorus levels under study had no significant effect on plant heignt, stem diaPleter and n1.l1lber of branches per plam in both seasons. - 139 • 6 _ Yield components, n&1wly t number and weight of pods/plant, number and weight of seads/pod. number and weight of sefJds/plant, weight of 100 seeds and seed/straw ratio were not significe~tly affeoted by pho sphorus application in both seasons. 7- Effect of phosphorus on sced. straw, protein and oil yields per faddan Vias not significant in both aeasona, 8- At early stage of growth (45 days from planting) N, p. and K content either as percentage or as absolute aIl10unt in leaves and stems of soybean were not significantly influenced by P application in bot h seasons. 9- At 90 cays from planting, nitrogen content in different parts of soybean pl~”’ltE:: showed no significairt response to pne sphozua , Neither nitrogen percentage nor absolute nitrogen contont in these organs i:lcreased due to P application in both seasons. .v”_ 10- Phosphorus application significantly resulted in incrcEl.sing tile phosphorus percentage in stems and pods at 90 days from planting in both seasons. Percentage of P in leaves sb.owed the saPle trend - .140 - in tho frist season. The absolute P content in leaves, steffis and pods increased as a result of applying P in both seasons. 11- Potasoium cont ent in at 6111S significantly increased by P application in th8 second season, whereas, K perccntage in leeves and pod.s wore significantly increased at the later stare of growth in both seasons. The absolute amount of K in different parts was increased by Lno re asf.ng phosphabd,c fertilizeI’. 12- .All levele of P applied had no significant effect on N ana K content in soybean seeds oither as percentage or as absolute amount. in both aeasona, Phonpho z-us application significantly increased the P percentage in seeds. Consequently P content on soybean seeds mgJplant showed marked increase due to the P fertilizer rates. 13- The crude protein and oil percentage in soybean seeds showed no significant response to P level s under stud:! in both seasons. - 141 - 111- E.,ffe”c”..t......_o. f__ the in~t--e-..~..action bHe_~tween pop-u..~lation densit..y 1 - The effect. of the interaction between population density and pho sphatic fertilizer was not significant for, all characters under study except, number lW-d vleiL’ht of pods/plant at harvesting time in 1980, P pe rcerrt age in stems at go da.Ys from planting in both seasons and P percentage in seeds at harvest in 1980 season:...: 2 - The highest number of pods/pla..”lt at harvest was obtained from 35,000 plants/fad. density with 3D kg PtJ5/fad. level, wnerees, the lowest one ”RaS obt ained from 210,000 pI ant sl fad. with )J kg P2°51 fad. ) - The highest weight of pods/plant at harvest was obtained at density of 35,000 plants/fad. with 40 kg PfJ5/fad. level, and the lowelft one was obtained at 210,000 plant a/fad. density with unfertilized plants. 4 - In 1979 season, the highest P percentage in stems at 90 days froPl planting was ou1ia1ned at 70,000 plants/fad. (D) with 40 kg Pt’5/fad. level and ...142 - at the same density and 2) kg PtJ5/fad. level in the second season. The lowest P percentage was obtained at 105,000 plants/fad. density vrl:~h~’1.terti1ized treatment in 1979 and at 140 ,000 plants/fad. and the control treatment in 1980. 5 - The highest ? content in seeds wae obtained at 140,000 plants/fad. density with 3D kg P2051 fad. level, whereas, the lov~st P content was obtained at 35,000 plants/fad. density with unfertilized treatment. |