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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs,
The diabetic patient is susceptible to a series of complications thatcause morbidity and premature mortality
The gall-bladder normally stores bile during fasting and releases it into the duodenum with ingestion of a meal.
Gall-bladder motility is controlled by:
- Autonomic nerves - Gut hormones,
- The contractile properties of its smooth
Method of measurement GB motor function
- Oral cholecystography- Ultrasonography
- Cholescintigraphy - Duodenal perfusion techniques
Gallstones are divided into three types on the basis of their composition. Cholesterol, black pigment, and brown pigment, cholesterol stone is the most common in diabetes.
A two-to three-fold increase in risk of cholesterol gallstones has been reported in diabetic patients There are two possibly related risk factors: obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia. In addition to obesity and metabolic factors, attention has been given to a possible impairment of GB motility in diabetic subjects, mainly due to an underlying autonomic neuropathy Other factors possibly involved in altered GB motility include a decrease in sensitivity of GB smooth muscle to P-P levels of plasma CCK and/or a reduced number of CCK receptors on the GB wall
This work aimed to descript the normal GB motor function, factors affecting GB motility and methods of measurment of GB motility. Also this work highligh the effect of diabetes on GB function as part of autonomtic neuropathy and how diabetes affects entric nerves system, pathogenesis of diabetic cholecystoparesis and the effect of diabetes mellitus on bilirubin secretion and cholecystokinin response and role of diabetes in gallstone formation.