الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Violence film viewing (VFV) increases aggressive behavior. The effects may be more harmful in adolescents than adults because violence clips action are interactive, engrossing, and require the viewer to identify with the aggressor actors. Prior research found that media viewing with violent content engendered a large cardiovascular response in adolescent males. Neuro-endocrine effects of many stressful challenges and experimentally induced emotional states have been investigated in humans, but few data are available concerning the physiological correlates of the emotional arousal induced by film violence, fear and conflictual emotions. Studies of the association between violence exposure and physiological effects are scarce especially on adolescents. Up to our knowledge, no previous studies were found on the physiological responses to violence movie exposure in Egyptian adolescents. So, the aim of this work, therefore, was to study the physiological response to violence film viewing (VFV) in male adolescents in a trial to explore this type of emotional stress.
For this purpose, 100 male healthy young adolescents’ volunteers aged 11–15 years (M ± S.D.) (13.5 ± 1.3), 5 th grade to 9 th grade students participated (childhood late stage) in this study. This age period was selected because it is the period of development in which interventions are generally most effective. Participants were into two groups of 50 adolescents each as follows: classified
Group I: Young adolescents of this group were selected from El-Minia city urban region and public school. This selection depended upon high socioeconomic level, have TV and video sets and accustomed to violence film viewing (VFV).
Group II: Young adolescents of this group were selected from a rural region and public school near El-Minia (Arab of Tokh El Kheel). They have no TV or Video sets and they were not accustomed to VFV. The volunteers filled out questionnaires about exposure to violence and also volunteers gave informed consent to participate in the study and clinical examination was done for each volunteer before participation in this study. Clinical examination was done to all volunteers before participation in the study by an internist; staff member of faculty of Medicine, Minia University to exclude any at risk individual with cardiovascular, neurological or systemic disease. All individuals were clinically free of disease. In both groups, individuals were allowed to stay in the laboratory for half an hour before starting VFV to acclimatize to the laboratory conditions. VFV was continued for 3 hours. ECG and blood pressure parameters were recorded and blood samples were taken before and after VFV, so that each participant acted as his own control.
Statistical analysis of data using Student’s ”t” test or Mann-Whitney tests (according to nature of data) was done and revealed that group I showed an overall sympathetic reactions (significant increase in heart rate, blood pressure parameters and serum catecholamines and significant decrease in ECG wave amplitudes and durations of intervals and segments and also significant decrease in serum nitrites). On the contrary, except for a significant increase in serum epinephrine, group II showed overall parasympathetic reactions (significant decrease in heart rate, blood pressure parameters, serum norepinephrine and dopamine and significant increase in ECG wave amplitudes and durations of intervals and segments and serum nitrites).
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