الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Great advances in radiotherapeutic modalities and programs occurred. These made radiotherapy a reliable means for palliation and treatment. Also, chemotherapy takes now a greater role than before in improving survival rates and is worthy of further investigations.
Immunotherapy is a recent modality applied in the multimodality treatment programs. This include tumor necrosis factor, mixed bacterial vaccine and lymphokin-activated killer cells.
Although liver transplantation is one of the most effective treatment modalities for many liver diseases, its role in hepatic malignancy is greatly reduced. The main cause is recurrence. Overall survival rates at 2 years ranges from 20 to 40% in the most optimistic reports.