الفهرس 
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Abstract
Whether a structure be man-made or created by nature, the column is the key element in resisting collapse under gravity loads in buildings and bridges.
The history of column theory goes back to the work of the Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler , who in 1744 published his ramous column formula. While Engesser (1889) suggested that column strength in the inelastic range might be obtained simply by the substitution of tangent modulus in place of elastic modulus in the Euler formula.
Solutions that describe the elastic behaviour of column with various end conditions comprise the most highly developed aspect of column research. These theories and important solutions are given _n several texts In the last few years, several investigations lave been published on the behaviour of eccentric loaded steel column loaded into the elastic-plastic range Recently , J.L Meek and S . Loganathan [20,21] Studied the inelastic post zuckling behaviour of beam-columns. In their studies the
circular and square hollow section only were considered. Most investigators have ignored the effect of the variation of -he flexural and warping stiffness along the column length . This L.ariation takes place according to the nonuniform distribution .