الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study to determine the DNA content (ploidy), the levels of expression of P53 protein and c-myc protein in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as well as in their first degree relatives (parents and siblings) in order to detect role of these protein in developing leukaemia and those at risk of developing leukaemia.
The results of the present study showed the following:
DNA aneuploidy was present in 70% of the cases of all, (60% of them were hyperploidy and 10% were hypodiploid) and 30% of cases were diploid.
First degree relatives showed aneuploid pattern in their lymphoblast (10% of the parents and 8% of healthy sibling).
High level of expression of p53 protein among cases with ALL compared to first degree relatives and controls.
High level of expression of p53 in first degree relative compared to controls.
High level of expression of cMyc protein among cases with ALL compared to first degree relatives and controls.
Aneuploid cases showed highest level of expression of p53 and cMyc when compared to first degree relatives and controls.
No significant difference between parents and their healthy children as regard DNA ploidy, level of p53 and cMyc proteins.
The mode of inheritance of expressed genes unclear but the study showed vertical transmission with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable penetrance as these were present in both males and females, healthy and affected groups.
The use of flowcytometry is useful tool in detecting a very low level of p53 and cMyc that cannot be detected by routine investigations.
First degree relatives of leukemic patients particularly those with abnormal DNA and those expressing high level of p53 protein and cMyc protein are at high risk of developing cancers must be subjected for close follow up.