الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The aim of the work is to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy antripleular analgesia and thoracic epidural analgesia with local anesthetic on pain relief after upper abdominal operations whenever they applied pre or postoperatively. In conclusion, intra pleural and thoracic epidural analgesia via bupivacaine provided A reliable methods to control postoperative pain upper abdominal surgery without significant side effects, also preoperative injection of bupivacaine intrapleural or thoracic epidurally as a preemptive analgesia resulted in intraoperative analgesia, quite and smooth emergence from anesthesia and insignificantly prolonged the postoperative request time for analgesia. |