الفهرس 
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Abstract
Our present work was done to study the immunological change skin tests which may accompany Schistosomiasis, using specific istosome antigens and PPD antigen.
101 cases with age ranging from 18 — 42 years were invested in the present study and classified into two big categories:
Negative reactive cases: 20 normal healthy persons were selcted from many healthy individuals. These cases represented group I.
Bilharzial cases were grouped as follows:
Group II 25 cases with early active urinary bilharzial infection.
Group III: 6 cases with late active urinary bilharzial infection.
Group IV : 25 cases with early active intestinal Mihaizial infection.
Group V : 25 cases with hepatosplenomegaly.
All our bilharzial cases received ant ibilharzial oral treatment, idazole (1—5—nitro—2— thiazolyl—2—imidazolidinone), 15 mg per
•per day for 15 days.
28 cases selected from the previous bilharzia]. groups could followed up after antibilharzial treatment to see the effect treatment on the immune system. These cases were evaluated as rasitologically cured, when repeated urine, stool and rectal Ips were negative for bilharzia ova for at least 3 months after 1eatment.
These cases were divided into three groups
oup I : (10 early urinary cases)
oup II: ( 8 early intestinal cases).
Group III: (10 hepatosplenomegalic cases).
All these cases were thoroughly investigated to exclude any ber parasitic or septic foci, that could affect our results.
The following specific Schistosomal antigens were used in study as skin test antigens
- Schistosoma mansoni adult antigen.
- Schistosoma haematobium egg antigen.
- Schistosoma mansoni cercarial antigcn.
- Schistosoma mansoni Schistosomules antigen.
These Schistosome antigens were adujsted to the same nitrogen ‘ centratiori ( 30,ug N./ml) and 0.05 ml of Schistosome antigens e injecfted intracutaneously carefully. In addition we used non cific antigen (PPD) as delayed skin test antigen, which was ained from Park-Davis company.
The assessement of the immune status of our cases were carried by
Intradermal skin test (using the previous antigens) . The positive criteria for measurement of intradermal bilharzial skin test was a 1.2 cm2 or greater for immediate reaction ( after 15 minutes), 2.5 cm2 or greater for Arthus reaction (after 24—48 hours). Using PPD antigen, the delayed reaction was 0.5 cm2 or greater.
Identification of peripheral blood T—lymphocytes (Rosette formation test) and B—lymphocytes (Surface immunoglobulin test), according to the methods recommended by Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., 1978.
Quantitative estimation of immunoglobulins IgG, 1gM and IgA in the blood (Mancini method).