الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In conclusion,
• Ovariectomy increases the cardiovascular risk factors through impaired carbohydrate metabolism (hyperglycemia and increased insulin resistance), dyslipidemia (increased LDL, total cholesterol, and decreased HDL), decreased NO synthesis and increased lipid peroxidation. This explains why menopausal women are more susceptible to CVD.
• Estrogen supplementation decreases while progesterone aggravates these risk factors in menopausal women.
• Progesterone when given to menopausal women in combination therapy has to be reduced to very low doses to avoid blocking the beneficial effects of estrogen.
• Diabetic menopausal women are more susceptible to CVD than others without diabetes.
• Estrogen supplementation can lower cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic menopausal women and the dose of insulin has to be carefully adjusted since estrogen increases the sensitivity to insulin.
• Progesterone supplementation alone or in combination therapy can block the beneficial effects of estrogen and increases the risk factors.
• The controversy regarding the comparative effects of estrogen and progesterone alone and in combination was clarified for a protective effect of estrogen and a hazardous effect of progesterone according to the present results.