الفهرس 
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Abstract
Impact energy-absorbing devices are cmployed where collision between two bodies is possible and where either of both bodies have to be protected from severe damage. Circular metal tubes may be used as energy absorbing elements; the main attraction being their ready availability inn a wide range of dimensions and materials. as well as the wide range of deformation modes which can be gcnerated. The plastic crumpling or a uniformly thin walled tube under axial compression is of special interest as an energy-absorbing structure tor use in cargo landing devices and vehicle impact circlllllstances,
In this study, axial compression of metallic tubes has been investigated regarding their deformation modes, ram forces, and energy absorbing capacity, under a varicty of conditions. These investigations have been carried out experimentally and theoretically,
The experimental work included axial compression of tubes of different geometries, material under quasi-static loading conditions using a hydraulic press. The experiments have been carried out. under dry and lubricating conditions. Effects of many parumeters have been examined. Experimcntal setup comprising a load cell and a linear transducer to measure the ram force and displacement was used. Data Acquisition System was needed to collect experimental data.
t;x\)\:rrl1l\:\\l(\( resu(\s conc(uueu \(\e eHect ofthe dim:rent p?rameters such as tube geometry, material, and friction condition on the mode of deformation, deformation IIJll;es, and absorbed energy during deformation.
Theoretical analysis based on FEM is carried out using ANSYS/ED 5.4 software to investigate the axial compression ofa tube of typical dimensions. The FEM was usco to determine the force-displacement relationship for a tube under compression and the mode of deformation theoretically. FEM was also used to detcrmine the distribution of displacement and stresses along the tube wall.
Theoretical and experimental results have been compared for verification .